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Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), generally known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known as Rab, was a British Conservative politician. During a long ministerial career, Butler served as Education Minister (1941–45, overseeing the Education Act 1944), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1951–55), Home Secretary (1957–62), Deputy Prime Minister (1962–63) and Foreign Secretary (1963–64). Butler was one of only two British politicians (the other being John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon) to have served in three of the four Great Offices of State, but never to have been Prime Minister, for which he was passed over in 1957 and 1963. After retiring from politics, Butler was appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. ==Early life== Butler was born in Attock Serai, Attock, in India (now in Punjab, Pakistan), to Sir Montagu Sherard Dawes Butler and his wife, Anne Gertrude (née Smith). Butler belonged to a distinguished upper-middle-class family that had produced a succession of public servants and educators. His maternal uncles were Charles Aitchison Smith, Sir George Adam Smith and Sir James Dunlop Smith. His paternal uncles were Sir Spencer Harcourt Butler and Sir Geoffrey Butler, Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and MP for Cambridge University 1923-9.〔Howard, p.3〕 As a child his right arm was broken in three places in a riding accident, the injury being aggravated by a burn from a hot water bottle, leaving his hand not fully functional.〔Matthew 2004, p199〕 His limp handshake and lack of military experience (and stooping donnish manner at a time when many politicians were former officers) were political handicaps in later life.〔Howard (p.7) states that this made “any form of military service out of the question”. However, despite his partial disability Butler had trained in his school cadet corps, and was a competent recreational shot. He attempted to register for military service in May 1941〕〔Howard 1987, p.7〕 After attending preparatory schools at Brockhurst, Church Stretton,〔This school is not mentioned in his ODNB article (published 2004).〕 and Wick, Hove. Having refused to attend Harrow, where many of his family had been educated, and having been unsuccessful in winning a scholarship to Eton, he attended Marlborough College. He left Marlborough at the end of 1920, a week after his 18th birthday. He spent five months in France with a Protestant pastor in Abbeville, and later that summer was tutor to the son of Robert de Rothschild. His plan at this stage was to enter the Diplomatic Service.〔〔Howard 1987, p.14〕 As a child of Empire, from his late teens onwards Butler was expected to look after his younger siblings, arranging for them to stay with relatives during school holidays and sending them Christmas presents which he pretended had been sent by their parents.〔Howard 1987, p.16〕 His sister was Iris Mary Butler (was born in 1905), who became Iris Portal upon her marriage, and whose elder daughter is Jane Williams, Baroness Williams of Elvel, the mother of Justin Welby, the current Archbishop of Canterbury. Butler’s younger brother Jock, a Home Office civil servant and Pilot Officer, was killed in a plane crash at the end of 1942.〔Howard 1987, p. 132〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rab Butler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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